Fuel injector for diesel motors



Dec. 24, 1940. A PE RINE 2,225,796

FUEL INJECTOR FOR DIESEL MOTORS I Q Filed June 5, 193"! 3 Shegts-Shget 2 z y- 32 H I 40 k\ u|||%m|m l \46 a L a big-ill H N 1 4 I a V/// \\\\\I 6'8 3 W AL BERT PEER/NE Dec. 24, 1940. PERRlNE 2,225,796

FUEL INJECTOR FOR DIESEL MOTORS Filed June 5, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 42 l1 E J0 ALBEHTPERR/IVE i of the cylinder wall Patented Dec. 24, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FUEL INJECTOR FOR. DIESEL MOTORS Albert Perrine, Connellsville, Pa. Application June 5, 1937, Serial No. 146,670

' 6 Claims. (Cl. 123-139) The present invention relatesto a fuel injector and more particularly to an injector of this character which is especially adapted for use in con-.

nection with supplying fuel to Diesel motors.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a fuel injector whichiwill eliminate in the plunger type of injector the stoppage of the injection when air bubbles get ahead of the plunger. 1 p

A still further important object of the invention is to provide a novel means for periodically actuating the needle valve after a predetermined pressure has been obtained.

A still further important object of the invention is to provide a novelly constructed nozzle.

Other important objects of the invention in-' cluding simplicity of construction and low cost of manufacturing will become apparent from a study of the description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

jector illustrating the manner in which the same is secured to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine,

Figure 2 is a the injector.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view the upper portion of the injector.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary rear elevational view showing the arrangement of the outlet port of the nozzle.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view of Figure 1 taken on the line 5--5 thereof showing the construction of the nozzle, and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating the manner in which the push rod functions to open the needle valve at a predetermined time.

In the accompanying drawings wherein for the purpose of illustration there is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reference numeral 8 generally designates the cylinder block which includes the usual bylinder wall It having a surrounding spaced water jacket. l2, the cylinder in the usual manner having a reciprocating piston l4 therein. Adjacent the upper portion to the same is provided with a fuel inlet port It for supplyingqfuelto the upper portion of the cylinder above the piston I4 in.

the usual manner.

The fuel injector forming the subject matter of the present application comprises a body portion generally designated by the reference numeral 28 which includes 0. depending cylindrical ,versely extending pin Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the inpartial side elevational view'of tacle 24 and is of a substantially conical-shaped bore defining a valve seat for the valve member 32 which is 10 operable in the bore clearly illustrated in the drawings. The valve 32 has a valve seat on the free end thereof corresponding to the conicalshaped valve receiving seat and 'is longitudinally movablefor controlling the fluid passage from the bore 28 to the nozzle in the extension 24.

The valve 32 is slidable in the sleeve 34 and is received in the extension 28 and is normally urged in its closed downward position by means of the coil spring 88 which abuts the transthrough the valve 32. The upper end of the coil spring 38 abuts the cap 40' which is screw-threaded on the member 28, the valve 22 projecting through an aperture therein and being provided with ascrew-threaded end for receiving a nut 42 which securely holds the valve lifting arm 46 thereon. Thus, the valve 32 is normally maintained by means of the coil spring 38 in its seated closed position preventing the passage of fluid from the bore 28 to the so nozzle 48.

As clearly illustrated the nozzle receiving extension 24 is screw-threaded on its outer periphery and is receivable in the laterally extendmg extension of the cylinder the nozzle com-' 35 municating with the bore I6 for introducing the fuel as will be more fully hereinafter described within the upper portion of the cylinder. 2

Referring now to Figure 5 it will be observed that the nozzle 48 is screw-threaded in its recepprovided with a substantially hexagonal-shaped head 50 facilitating the introduction within the member 24 and the removal therefrom. The nozzle is provided with a centrally disposed longitudinally extending bore 52 45 therein having arranged centrally of the nozzle therein an aperture defining what may be called an'eddy pool 54. A pair or more of diverging bores 58 extend-inwardly from the eddy pool 54 and merge with angularly inwardly extending bores 58 which communicate the bores 58 with the longitudinally extending bore 52. A plurality of spacedly disposed diverging bores 60 extend outwardly from the eddy pool 54 in a' fan-like manner. These bores 60 and the longitudinally extending bore 82 alllie in the samehorizontal plane as clearly illustrated in Figure 4 resulting in the apertures defined thereby in the head 88 lying on a straight line. In this connection it is to be noted that the outer side of the head 88 inclines from thecentral portion thereof rearwardly so that the fluid is sprayed in the upper portion of the cylinder over a wide area.

The outer side of the head of the injector, as it will be observed, inclines from the central portion rearwardly providing a stronger and thicker seat of cylinderwall metal, allowing the slope of the outer side of the head to more nearly approach crossing orifices. This permits an instantaneous explosion of each separate jet -of spray From this construction, it will be observed that a portion of the injector head is, in effect, moved away from the heat of combustion and nearer to the cooling medium thereby helping prevent carbonization oi the orifices.

A piston 84 provided with a plurality of spaced piston rings 88 is freely slidable in the bore 28 and the lower end of the piston 84 is provided with an integral head 88. As will be observed the head or'cap 88 is screw-threaded onto the upper end of the compressor rod 88 causing the fianged head 88 of the piston 84 to be united or held in position with respect to the compressor rod. It will be observed that a shim 88 is disposed between the head 88 and the upper end of the rod 88.

The compressor rod 88 has a centrally disposed longitudinally extending bore therein in which there is received the slidable push rod 12, the upper end of the push rod 12 having aspring I8 thereon, which abuts the bottom of the shim. 85.

As clearly illustrated in Figure 6 the push rod 12 has a laterally extending integral arm 14 thereon which projects through a longitudinally extending slot 18 in the compressor rod 88. The lower portion of the valve lifting rod or arm 48 as clearly shown is connected to the upperportion of the lateral extension 14, to the end that vertical longitudinal movement of the push rod I2 within its bore aflects a corresponding raising and lowering of the valve 82. Obviously, the coil spring 18 normally urges the push rod 12 to its normal position.

As clearly illustrated the compressor rod 88 depends downwardly through an aperture in the pan 88 of the motor and on its lowermost end is provided with an integral head 82. A coil spring 84 encircles the compressor rod 88 and is interposed between the underneath side of the pan 88 and the upper portion of the head 82 normally urging the compressor rod 88 in a downward direction. The head 82 is provided with a longitudinally extending guideway 88 of substantially hexagonal shape in horizontal cross section which merges with the bore receiving the push rod 12. The head or enlargement 82 as will be observed is integral with the lower free end of the compressor rod 88 that portion of the compressor rod-88 depending from the head or enlargement 82 having a longitudinally extending bore therein of substantially the same cross sectional area as the hexagonal shaped guideway 88 in which the compressor base 88 is freely movable. The compressor base is provided with an outwardly extending flange 82 which is adapted to abut the lower free end of the compressor rod and has a depending integral pair of spaced ears 84 which have a transversely extending. shaft 88 therein on which there is freely rotatable a roller I88 nd, consequently, more even combustion.

which rides on the cam I82 of the motor. It will thus be observed that upon rotation of the cam I82 in the usual manner, the eccentric mounting ofthe same thereon effects an upward and downward movement of the compressor base, the flange portion 82 thereof being vertically ridable or slidable in the guideway I84.- As clearly shown, the base 88 is normally urged in a downward position by means of the encircling the lower portion of the compressor rod 88 above head 82 and having its upper end abutting the lower portion of the crankcase 88 and the upper side of the enlargement 82 of the rod 88 thus urging the base and rod in a downward direction, and keeping the roller I88 firmly seated on cam I82.

As clearly shown, the compression of the heavy spring I88 by the upward movement of base 88 forces in turn compressor rod 88 to move longitudinally upward and thus drivethe piston 84 upward against the fuel and in this manner create thepredetermined pressure, equal to the force necessary to compress spring I88, on the fuel before injection occurs. Also the spring I88 allows the piston 84 to adjust itself to any amount of fuel entering chamber 28 and inject small amounts .efliciently as well as large amounts.

The upper end of the compressor base 88 as coil spring 84 clearly illustrated in Figure 1 has an upwardly 8.

extending integral extension II8 the upper end of which is adapted to contact the lower end of the push rod 12. Adjacent the upper end of the extension II8 there is screw-threaded thereon a cap I I2 which is freely slidable upon longitudinal movement of the compressor base 88 in the guideway in the enlargement 82. The downward travel of the base 88 is limited or controlled by the feet II4 secured within the enlargement by means of the screw bolt II8.

As'will be observed from a study of Figure 1, it will be seen, that the fuel is introduced within the bore 28 through the medium of the conduit I88 which is screw-threaded in the wall of the cylindrical member 22 and has provided therein a transversely extending valve I82 actuated by means of a lever I84 for controlling the flow of fuel through the conduit I88 into the bore 28.

In operation, the entrance of the fuel in the bore 28 is controlled by means of the throttle valve I82 and upon actuation thereof the fuel is introduced in the bore 28 upon the upper end of the piston 84. As hereinbefore described the needle valve 82 in the lowermost position of the push rod 12 is normally closed and upon rotation of the cam 182 in the usual manner, the compressor rod through the medium of the compressorbase is moved upwardly placing the fluid in the bore 28 by means of the piston 84 under pressure, the valve 82 remaining closed during this upward movement of the piston 84 preventing the fuel from going through the passageway 88 to the nozzle. It is to be 'noted'that during this upward travel and movement of the compressor rod 88 the extension I I8 has not as yet engaged the lower end of the push rod I2. Just before the piston 84 reaches the top of its stroke the upper end of the extension II8 contacts the and 60 shooting out of the apertures-in the head across the cylinder in a fan-like spray. It isto be observed in this connection that a packing I is disposed around the needle valve 32 below the 6 sleeve preventing the back flow of. oil or fuel along the needle valve when under pressure.

Thus the fuel is placed under pressure at the proper time by means of the piston and upon the upper stroke of the piston the upper end 10 thereof closes the entrance of the inlet passage of the conduit I30 in the bore 28 throwing the full pressure of the spring I06 on the piston so that even one drop of oil receives the entire pressure. Thus, there is. no vacant space so that air in the fuel injector would not prevent the injection of fuel by being compressed and expanded.- By this construction the needle valve cannot be lifted until the oil is under full injection pressure and each time the injection takes place the piston or plunger 66 fully completes its stroke there being no vacant space for the accumulation of air and the consequent rise of trouble due to air in the fuel injection chamber.

While there xis shown for the purpose of iilustration a preferred embodiment of the invention it is to be understood that it is capable of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope thereof and it is intended, therefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed thereon, as are indicated in the prior art or in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A fuel injector comprising a body including a cylinder, a piston slidable .in said cylinder, a

nozzle casing commumcating with said cylinder,

a nozzle in said casing,.a normally closed valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder to said nozzle, means for supplying a source of fluid to said cylinder, a compressor rod connected to said pistonand adapted to be actuated by the cam shaft of an engine, a push rod slidable in said compressor rod, a lifter rod connected" to said valve and to the push rod, means controlled by the cam shaft for actuating the push rod independently of the compressor rod to open said ivalve at a predetermined position of said cam shaft controlled means and resilient means between the cam shaft controlled means and the compressor rod whereby the fuel is injected from the cylinder into the nozzle at a predetermined pressure. i

2. A fuel injector comprising a body including a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, a

nozzle communicating with said cylinder, a valve 1 for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder to said nozzle, means for supplying a source of fluid to said cylinder, a compressor rod for actuating said piston, a push rod slidable in the compressor rod, a lifter rod connected to said valve and to the push rod, said compressor rod having a guideway in the lower portion thereof,

a compressor base slidable in said compressor rod guideway having outwardly extending flanges on the lower end thereof for abutting engagement with the lower end of the compressor rod, an extension on the upper end of the compressor base for actuating said push rod, a roller for engagement with the cam shaft rotatably mounted v on said compressor base, a guideway in which the compressor base is slidable, said compressor rod having an outwardly extending flange inwardly of the free end thereof, a coiled spring encircling the end of the compressor rod with one end thereof abutting the flange of the compressor rod and the, other end the flange of the compressor base, whereby upon operation of ,the cam shaft, the push rod is actuated independently of the compressor rod to open the valve .for injecting fuel from the cylinder into the nozzle at a predetermined pressure. 5' 3. A fuel injector comprising a body including a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, a nozzle communicating with said cylinder, a valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder to said nozzle, means for supplying a 10 source of fluid to said cylinder, a compressor rod for actuating said piston, a push rod slidable in the compressor rod, a lifter rod connected to said valve and. to the push rod, said compressorrod having a guideway in the lower portion 15 thereof, a compressor base slidable in said com- 1 pressor rod guideway having outwardly extending flanges on the lower end thereof for abutting engagement with the lower end of the com-' pressor rod, an extension'on the upper, end of 20 the compressor base for actuating said push rod, means in the compressor rod guideway for limiting the downward movement of said compressor base, a roller for engagement with the cam shaft rotatably mounted on said compressor base, a 25 guideway in which the compressor base is slidable, said compressor rod having an outwardly extending flange inwardly of the free end thereof, a coiled spring encircling the end of the compressor rod with one end thereof abutting the 30 flange of the compressor rod and the other end the flange of the compressor base, whereby upon operation of the cam shaft, the push rod is actuated independently of the compressor rod to open the valve for injecting fuel from the 35 cylinder into the nozzle at a predetermined pressure.

4. A fuel injector comprising a body including a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, a nozzle communicating with said cylinder, 0. 40 valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder to said nozzle, means for supplying a source of fluid to said cylinder, a compressor rod'for actuating said piston, resilient means for normally urging said compressor rod in a 45 downward position, a push rod slidable in the compressor rod, a lifter rod connected to said valve and to the push rod, resilient means for normally urging said push rod in a downward position, said compressor rod having a guide- 50 way in the lower portion thereof, a compressor base slidable in said compressor rod guideway having outwardly extending flanges on the lower end thereof for abutting engagement with the lower end of the compressor rod, an extension 5 on the upper end of the compressor base for actuating said push rod, a roller for engagement with the cam shaft rotatably mounted on said compressor base, a guideway in which the compresson base is slidable, said compressor rod m having an outwardly extending flange inwardly of the free end thereof, a coiled spring encircling the end of the compressor rod with one' end thereof abutting the flange of the compressor rod and the other end thereof abutting the flange as of the compressor base, whereby upon operation of the cam shaft, the push rod is actuated independently of the compressor rod to open the valve for injecting fuel from the cylinder into the nozzle at a predetermined pressure. 70

5. A fuel injector comprising a body including a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, a

nozzle communicating with said cylinder,-a valve for controlling the flow of fluid from said cylinder to said nozzle, means for supplying a source I of fluid to said cylinder, a compressor rod connected to said piston and adapted to be actuated by the cam shaft of an engine, a push rod slidable in said compressor rod, a lifter rod connected to said valve and to the push r0d,.resilient means normally urging. said push rod in its lowermost position, means controlled by the cam shaft for actuating the push rod independently of the compressor rod to open said valve at a predetermined position of said cam shaft controlled means, and resilient means between the cam shaft and the compressor rod whereby the fuel is injected from the cylinder into the nozzle at a predetermined pressure.

6. A fuel injector comprising a bodyincluding a cylinder, a piston slidable in said cylinder, a

place the fuel vin the cylinder under pressure and to subsequently actuate the push rod independently thereof at a predetermined position of the cam shaft controlled means for opening said valve.

ALBERT PERRINE. 

